Computer Networks – A computer network is an interconnected system of electronic devices, such as computers, servers, mobile devices, and other devices, that communicate with each other to share resources, transmit data, and enable online collaboration.
This network is also called a computer network or computer network and can be both local networks that connect devices within a limited area, and global networks, such as the case of the Internet, which cover the entire world.
A network is made up of devices called nodes, which communicate with each other using predefined protocols. These protocols allow nodes to understand each other, through a shared language, allowing them to exchange information efficiently.
What are the types of computer networks?
The types of computer networks are classified based on their geographical scope, the level of access, their purpose, and the typology.
Depending on the size or coverage area
Computer networks can be classified according to the scope and size of the area they cover:
- Personal Area Networks (PANs), cover small spaces such as an office or a home.
- Local Area Networks (LANs), which have a local scope, such as a school or a city.
- Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN), which cover metropolitan areas and larger regions.
- Wide Area Networks (WANs), which span an entire region or country.
Depending on the level of access or privacy
The main categories of computer networks, based on the level of access or privacy, are divided into the Internet, Intranet, and Extranet.
The Internet is an open and public network, which provides connectivity for users from all parts of the world.
The Intranet is a private network, operated in a secure environment and with a controlled level of access.
Finally, the Extranet is a network that provides an intermediate level of access between the Internet and the Intranet, which is often used by external clients of an organization as a secure connection to communicate with them.
According to their functional relationship
Computer networks can also be classified according to their functional relationship into the following two categories: client-server networks and peer-to-peer (P2P or peer-to-peer) networks.
Client-server networks are based on the user-server model, in which a server provides services to several clients, while P2P networks are those in which all users have the same rights, functions, and resources shared between them. them collaboratively.
According to your topology
The connection between computers in a computer network can also be classified according to its physical topology, that is, according to the location of the network components. The main options can be the following:
- Star topology, in which there is a central computer that manages the information, sending and receiving it from each and every one of the computers that participate.
- Bus topology is identified by having a single power cable in which all the network equipment is connected.
- Ring Topology, in which there is a communication channel in the form of a ring, the data is transmitted from equipment to equipment and fed back until it reaches its final destination.
These are just a few examples of the most common types of computer networks. But there are others such as dual-ring, point-to-point, tree, mesh, mixed or hybrid, and fully connected.
In addition, there are specialized networks such as Storage Area Networks (SANs), Campus Area Networks (CANs), Cloud Storage Area Networks (CSANs), and others that are used for specific connectivity and storage needs. of data.
What are computer networks for?
Computer networks have a wide variety of functions. They range from sharing information and resources to providing services locally and globally. Here is some information about this:
Share resources
One of the main uses of computer networks is the ability to share resources. This includes the sharing of files and documents on a local network. As well as printers and scanners, Internet connections, and access to servers and databases.
access to information
Thanks to computer networks, we have instant access to a wide range of information online.
This allows us to search and retrieve data, news, documents, research, and educational resources quickly and efficiently.
electronic commerce
With the advancement of computer networks has led to the rise of electronic commerce. With these advances, businesses can sell products and services online. It can also reach a global audience, and transact securely through online payment platforms.
Collaboration and teamwork
Computer networks allow fast and effective communication. Both on a personal and business level, at local levels, but also on an international scale.
Online collaboration and teamwork can be easily executed thanks to computer networks, both in business and educational environments.
People can collaborate on projects, share ideas, edit documents together, and video conference, even if they’re geographically separated.
Entertainment and social networks
Computer networks have managed to transform the way we entertain ourselves today.
Thanks to access to multimedia content, music and video streaming, online games, and social networks. People can connect, share experiences with others, and be entertained from the comfort of their homes.
Conclusion
It is true that the computer network is a vital infrastructure in the digital age and an indispensable platform for daily life. It offers us an unparalleled way to stay connected, share resources, search and share information, collaborate remotely, and entertain ourselves remotely. effective.
Whether in a personal, business, educational, or social sphere, the computer network has revolutionized the way we interact and access information in today’s world. Its continued growth and development promise an even more connected and globalized future.